Explain why some scholars see partition of India as the culmination of communal politics.

i. British adopted a policy of divide and rule and encouraged communal politics in India.

ii. Scholars have conflicting views regarding the long history of Hindu- Muslim conflict throughout medieval and modern times.

iii. Encouragement to formation of Muslim League.

iv. Separate Electorate for Muslims given by the British in 1909.

v. Govt. of India Act 1919 expanded communal electorate.

vi. Development in 1920s. – Tabligh, Tanzim and Shuddhi movement, music before mosque.

vii. Opinion of Iqbal.

viii. 1937 election results

ix. Jinnah’s two nation theory.

x. In 1940 in the Lahore session, the Muslim League placed their demand for autonomous province with Muslim majority.

xi. Aim of the Muslim League was to establish an autonomous state in the north western and eastern parts of India.

xii. Indian National Congress began the Quit India Movement but the Muslim League did not support it.

xiii. The proposal of the Cabinet Mission was first accepted by the Muslim League and the Congress but soon the Muslim League rejected it and refused to take part in the Interim Govt.

xiv. The Muslim League organized the ‘Direct Action Day’.

xv. Eruption of communal violence in 1946.

xvi. Mountbatten Plan endorsed a separate nation for Muslims and partitioned India.

xvii. Hindu Muslim riots after partition of India.
(ANY EIGHT)