The years immediately preceding the making of the constitution had been exceptionally tumultous. Give examples in support of this statement.

Before the independence of India on

15 August, 1947, the political and social conditions in the country were tumultous. No doubt the people had a great hope, hope for free, peaceful and prosperous India. But they also felt depressed and disappointed due to many incidents such as communal riots that followed our independence and in which more than two lakh people were killed.

(i) Indian independence accompanied partition of the country. The country was divided into two parts namely India and Pakistan.

(ii) The people still remembered the Quit India Movement of 1942. It was perhaps the most widespread popular movement against the alien rule.

(iii) The people were still reminiscent of Azad Hind Fauz constituted by Subash Chandra Bose with foreign aid, the purpose of which, of course, was to win freedom.

(iv) During the late 1940s, there were mass protests of workers and peasants in different parts of the country.

(v) There was lack of social harmony as the Congress and the Muslim League repeatedly failed to arrive at any reconciliation.

(vi) There were persistent riots in northern and eastern India. There were many killings in Calcutta in August, 1946.