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Thinkers, Beliefs And Buildings
Were the ideas of the Upanishadic thinkers different from those of the fatalists and materialists? Give reasons for your answer.
There were certain distinction when it came to ideas of upanishadic thinkers form those of the fatalists and the materialists. There difference lies not in the question but rather in the solutions. Because the questions are same, meaning of life, death, rebirth etc.
However the interesting aspect is the answers, upanishadic thinkers believed in life after death, and the theory of karma but they also believed that karma could be rid or gained. Now when we look at the Fatalist thinkers from the Ajivikas we find that their believes are very different, they believed that everything is predetermined and it is foolish to try to get rid of karma or gaining karma.
On the other hand Lokayatas had very distinct answers to the above questions, they are known as materialist as they believed that human were made of four elements and when they die these elements goes back to where it came from. Thus they believed that there is no world as next believed by other schools.
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Explain the variety of sources used by the historians to reconstruct histories of religious traditions.
Were the ideas of the Upanishadic thinkers different from those of the fatalists and materialists? Give reasons for your answer.
Summarise the central teachings of Jainism.
Discuss the role of the begums of Bhopal in preserving the stupa at Sanchi.
Or
“The Begums of Bhopal played a significant role in preserving the remains of stupa at Sanchi.” Support this statement with suitable evidence.
Read this short inscription and answer the questions that follow:
In the year 33 of the maharaja Huvishka (a Kushana ruler), in the first month of the hot season on the eighth day, a Bodhisatta was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkhuni Dhanavati, the sister’s daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitaka, together with her father and mother.
A. How did Dhanavati date her inscription?
B. Why do you think she installed an image of the Bodhisatta?
C. Who were the relatives she mentioned?
D. What Buddhist text did she know?
E From whom did she learn this text?
Why do you think women and men joined the Sangha?
To what extent does knowledge of Buddhist literature help in understanding the sculpture at Sanchi?
Figures I and II. are two scenes from Sanchi. Describe what you see in each of them, focusing on the architecture, plants and animals, and the activities. Identify which one shows a rural scene and which an urban scene, giving reasons for your answer.
Fig.: I
Fig. : II
Discuss the development in sculpture and architecture associated with the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism.
Discuss how and why stupas were built.
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