Bricks, Beads And Bones
Discuss whether everybody in Harappan society could have been equal.
It is hard to imagine an egalitarian society especially in a place like Harappa which was highly developed because:
1. Let us look at the town planning, it was divided into two section upper and lower town. The way it was built was different and it was walled and seperated from the lower town. Thus there was certain distinction betweent the two.
2. If we look at the burial, we see that there are few graves that are lined with bricks and some with potteries and other artefacts Such differences could be because of the social distinction. Although we cannot be sure about it.
3. When we look at the distribution of luxury goods, we find that large cities had the evidences of it whereas smaller one like kalibangan did not. Through this we can guess that there did exist inequality in Harappan cities.
4. In Harappa people of different occupations lived, some were definitely merchants, other were small traders, some were farmers other were artisans and so on. The people in different types of work and occupations of different nature cannot have the same income. Thus we can safely assume the existence of inequality.
5. Moreover there are archaeological evidences that shows the existence of goods like spindle whorls made out of items that are considered luxurious. It could be possible that it was used by someone rich.
Through the above points one cann assume that everybody in Harappan society could not have been equal.
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How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society? What are the differences that they notice?
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Describe how artefacts help in identifying social differences during the Harappan period.
Would you agree that the drainage system in Harappan cities indicates town planning? Give reasons for your answer.
List the material used to make beads in the Harappan Civilisation. Describe the process by which one kind of bead was made.
Look at following fig. and describe what you see. How is the body placed? What are the objects placed near it? Are there any artefacts on the body? Do these indicate the sex of the skeleton?
Fig. A Harappan Burial
Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro.
List the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan Civilisation and discuss how these might have been obtained.
Discuss how archaeologists reconstruct the past.
Discuss the functions that may have been performed by rulers in Harappan society.
On given map, use a pencil to circle sites where evidence of agriculture has been recovered. Mark an X against sites where there is evidence of craft production and R against sites where raw materials were found.
Find out if there are any museums in your town. Visit one of them and write a report on any ten items, describing how old they are, where they were found and why you think they are on display.
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