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Changing Cultural Traditions
Enumerate the drawbacks of the Nation-States.
The drawbacks are:
1. National Interest: The establishment of Nation-States made the states selfish and individualistic. The international interests were overlooked. Sometimes the interests of different nations clashed and created an atmosphere of tussle and conflict.
2. Monarchical Attitude of King: The despotic rulers kept their self-interest in mind. The Pope and the feudal lords could not force them to work in the interest of the state and its people.
3. Hatred for other State Nations: Being unduly nationalistic, the people developed an attitude of selfishness. This caused hatred in their minds for the people of other Nation-States. It developed a narrow-mindedness and Nationalism.
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Why was the observation of Copernicus was controversial? Why was it believed later?
What do you know about 'Protestant Reformation'?
State any three effects of the Reformation Movement.
Enumerate the evil practices of the Catholic Church in Medieval Period, that led to the movement against them.
Write the belief of Machiavelli.
Mention the causes of Renaissance.
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? Write three reasons for it.
What is meant by celestial?
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