1. Causes of the growth of the Arab Civilization :
(i) In the 7th Century, a new religion (Islam) arose in Arabi. This religion did a great miracle by uniting the warring tribes of Arabia. It gave them unity which is the first need of growth and advancement.
(ii) Arabs were very good fighters : By winning many wars, they extended their empire upto Iran, Syria, Egypt, Central Asia, North Africa and Spain.
(iii) The Arabs were successful, merchants : They had the trade relations with many countries like Rome, Greece, Iran, India, etc.
(iv) The Arabs made all knowledge of their own and developed it further : They played a significant role in bringing together the intellectual and scientific knowledge of various civilizations, particulaly, the Greek, Persian and Indian. In this manner, they advanced themselves than all other peoples of the Medieval world in the field of knowledge.
2. Arab Contribution to the other regions of the world :
(i) The arabs gave the world the ideals of brotherhood and equality.
(ii) The Arabs were very much advanced in the field of medical science. They produced the great physicians like Al-Razi and Ibn-Sina who respectively discovered the true nature of smallpox and Tuber-culosis, Ibn Sina also descirbed some diseases of the nervous system.
(iii) The Arab astronomers knew it that the earth rotates on its axes and revolves round the sun.
(iv) In Mathematics the Arabs learned the Indian numerals. They learnt Trigonometry from the Greek and improved upon the existing knowledge. A great Arab Mathematician Omar Kayyam prepared a calendar which is more accurate than the present Christian Calendar.
(v) In Chemistry, the compounds like Sodium Carbonate, Silver Nitrate, Nitric and Sulphuric Acids were also discovered by the Arabs.
(vi) In Literature, the Arab classic 'The Arabian Nights' a collection of 1001 stories, “Rubaiyat” by ‘Omar Khayyam’. ‘Shahnama’ by ‘Al-Firdausi’ are famous all over the world.
(viii) The enamelled glassware, beautiful swords, inlays, metal work, leather work and Arab carpets are highly appreciated and prized everywhere even today.
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