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The Central Islamic Lands
Question
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What do you know about the rift between Muslims during 656-61? 

Answer

The rifts among the Muslims deepened after Ali (656-61) fought two wars against those who represented the Meccan aristocracy. Ali’s supporters and enemies later came to form the two main sects of Islam: Shias and Sunnis.


Ali established himself at Kufa and defeated an army led by Muhammad’s wife, Aisha, in the Battle of the camel (657). He was, however, not able to suppress the faction led by Muawiya, a kinsman of Uthman and the Governor of Syria. Ali’s second battle, at Siffin (northern Mesopotamia), ended in truce which split his followers into two groups: some remained loyal to him, while others left the camp and came to be known as Kharjis.

Soon after, Ali was assassinated by a Kharji in a mosque at Kufa. After his death, his followers paid allegiance to his son, Hussain, and his descendants. Muawiya made himself the next caliph in 661, founding the Umayyad dynasty which lasted till 750.

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Some More Questions From The Central Islamic Lands Chapter

What was the effect of Muhammad's death? 

What do you know about the great mosque of al-Mutawwakil in Samarra?

Note down the verse which was inscribed on a Mosque lamp.

High Light the contribution of the Arabs to the World Civilisation.

Describe the Arabs for being successful in building up a vast empire in less than a hundred years.

Mention some of the facts regarding Islamic Calendar.

Describe the facts regarding the coinage reform of Abda-Malik.

Describe the features of tribes of the Arabs.

State the importance of Mecca. 

What was located on the crossroads of a trade route between Yemen and Syria?