Give the measures of land conservation.

1. Afforestation : In some areas the original vegetation cover has been removed such as the Siwalik Hills. In such areas afforestation and reafforestation is needed to hold the soil.

2. Controlled grazing : The number of cattle grazing the slopes should be according to the carrying capacity of pastures.

3. Terraced agriculture : Slopes must be cut into a series of terraces for cultivation so as to slow down inflow of rainwater.

4. River dams : River dams should be built in the upper course of rivers to control floods and check soil erosion.

5. Contour ploughing : Contour ploughing, terracing and bunding should be done to check soil wash on slopes. Ploughing is done at right angles to the hill slopes.

6. Crop rotation : Crop rotation system should be adopted and the land should be allowed fallow for sometime.

7. Other methods : In areas of heavy rain basin type of cultivation should be adopted. Tall trees should be grown as wind and shelter breaks belts in areas of strong winds.