Polyethylene glycol method is used for

• gene transfer without a vector

• biodiesel production

• seedless fruit production

• energy production from sewage

A.

gene transfer without a vector

Introduction DNA into plant cells without the involvement of a biological agent and leading to stable transformation is known as direct gene transfer. There are various methods for direct gene transfer, one of which is a chemical method. Certain chemicals,polyethene Glycol), polyvinyl alcohol and calcium phosphate enhance the uptake of DNA by plant protoplast. PEG and calcium phosphate are thought to precipitate the DNA onto the outer surface of plasmalemma and the precipitate is taken up by the endocytosis.