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General Principles And Processes of Isolation Of Elements
Question
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Name the chief forms of the occurrence of the following in the earth crust:
(a) aluminium,           (b) calcium,    (c) sodium,          (d) lead.

Answer

(a) Aluminium: Oxides:
(i) CorundumAl2O3
(ii) DiasporeAl2O3.H2O
(iii) Bauxite Al2O3.2H2O

Halides: Cryolite Na3AlF6 

Silicates:
(i) Feldspar KAlS3O8
(ii) Mica KAlSi3O10 (OH)2

(b) Calcium:Carbonate: Lime stone (CaCO3) marble, chalk, calcite and dolomite Sulphate : Gypsum, CaSO4 2H2O and anhydrite, CaSO4 Fluoride: Fluorspar, CaF2, Fluorapatite 3Ca3(PO4)2CaF2 Phosphate : Phosphorite, Ca3(PO4)2

(c) Sodium: Sodium chloride, NaCl
Sodium nitrate or chile salt petre NaNO3
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Borax Na2B4O7,10H2O.

(d) Lead: Anglesite, PbSO4 Cerussite PbCO3 Lanarkite, PbO, PbSO4.

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