Describe briefly the following:
(i) Transcription   (ii) Translation.

The genetic information coded in DNA in the form of specific base sequence has to be translated and expressed in the form of synthesis of specific proteins, which perform various functions in the cell. This is brought about in two steps called transcription and translation.
The transcription involves copying of DNA sequence into a complimentary RNA molecule called messenger RNA (m-RNA). The copying principle as in replication, but with the difference that the base A pairs with U in RNA.
During translation m-RNA directs protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of cell with the involvement of another type of RNA molecule called, transfer RNA (t-RNA) and the ribosomal particles.