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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
(i) Hydrogen fluoride molecule (HF): The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s1. Electronic configuration of Fluorine is 1s2 2s2 2p5. Therefore half-filled orbital of hydrogen atom overlaps with the half filled 2p-orbital of fluorine atom to form H – F molecule.
(ii) A water molecule (H2O): The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s1. Electronic configuration of oxygen 1s2 2s2 2p4. Therefore half-filled orbital of each hydrogen atom overlaps with each of the half-filled 2p–orbitals having electrons in opposite spins of oxygen atom to form H2O molecule.
(iii) Ammonia molecule (NH3): The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s1. Electronic configuration of nitrogen is 1s2 2s2 2p3. Therefore the orbital of each hydrogen atom overlaps with each of the three nitrogen orbitals.
half-filled 2p orbitals of nitrogen having electrons in opposite spin to form NH3molecule.
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What are 'Lewis structures'?
Name the conditions for the formation of an ionic bond between two atoms.
What is crystal lattice?
What is electrovalency?
What bond is present in MgCl2 molecules?
Two elements A and B have the electronic configuration as:
A = 1s22s22p63s2 and B = 1s22s22p5
Write the empirical formula of the substance containing A and B.
What type of bonding would you expect between:
(i) a metal and a non-metal
(ii) a non-metal and another non-metal?
Give reasons in one or two sentences for the observation that in their compounds non-metals form anions and not cations.
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