Give two methods for the generation of carbocation. Describe its structure. 

(i) Direct ionisation: The carbon-halogen bond (C-X) in many organic halides generates carbocations in the presence of a highly polar medium.

(ii) Protonation of alkene:

The structure of carbocation: The positively charged carbon of the carbocation is sp² state of hybridisation. The three sp² hybridised orbitals which lie in the same plane are involved in the formation of three bonds with other atoms. The unhybridised p-orbital remains vacant. Thus, the carbocation has a flat structure. 

The bond angle around the positively charged carbon is nearly 120° each.