The p-Block Elements

Question

Why silicon does not form an analogue of graphite?
Or
Why elemental silicon does not form graphite like structure as carbon does?

Answer

In graphite, carbon is sp2 hybridised and each carbon is thus linked to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings and also it involves the formation of pi-pi double bonds. On the other hand, the size of a silicon atom is larger than carbon and hence silicon has no tendency to undergo spor sp hybridization to form multiple bonds between themselves or with other atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen (for example Si = 0, Si = N). Therefore, silicon always undergoes sp2 hybridization and hence all the silicon compounds have tetrahedral geometry. Also, silicon has a lesser tendency for catenation than carbon because Si – Si bonds are much weaker than C – C bonds.

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