The p-Block Elements

Question

How would you explain the lower atomic radius of Ga as compared to Al ?

Answer

It is due to the poor shielding of the valence electrons of Ga by the inner 3d-electrons. As a result, the effective nuclear charge of Ga is somewhat greater in magnitude than that of Al. Thus, the electrons in gallium experience the greater force of attraction by the nucleus than in aluminium. Hence the atomic size of Ga(135 pm) is slightly less than that of Al(143 pm).

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