Jatin puts a pencil into a glass container having water and is surprised to see the pencil in a different state.

i) What change is observed in the appearance of the pencil?

ii) Name the phenomenon responsible for the change.

iii) Draw a ray diagram showing how the eyes see the pencil.

A ray of light is incident as a normal ray on the surface of separation of two different medium. What is the value of the angle of incidence in this case? 

Draw the diagram given below and clearly show the path taken by the emergent ray. 

A ray of light from water to air. How does the speed of light change? 

Name the factors affecting the critical angle for the pair of media. 

Light passes through a rectangular glass slab and through a triangular glass prism. In what way does the direction of the two emergent beams differ and why? 

A ray of light moves from a rarer medium to a denser medium as shown in the diagram given below: 



Write down the number of the ray which represents the partially reflected ray.