(i) Draw the microscopic view of an onion peel and label the three basic parts of the cell in it.

(ii) How is the above-mentioned cell structurally different from the cheek cell?

(iii) Why is iodine used when preparing an onion slide? 

Given below is an example of certain structures and their special functional activities.

For example: Eye and vision.

On a similar pattern, complete the following:

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

(v) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule (parts included)

Give biological reasons for the following:

The renal cortex has a dotted appearance.

Mention the exact location of the following structures:

v. Loop of Henle

Draw neat and labelled diagrams of the following:

i. Malpighian Capsule

 The diagram given below shows the male urinogenital system of a human being. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

i. Label the parts numbered 1 to 8.

ii. Name the corresponding structure of part (4) in female reproductive system.

iii. What is the role of part 7? [5]

Explain the following terms:

Selective reabsorption.

Name the following :

The structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Study the diagram given below and answer the following questions:  



(i) Name the region in the kidney where this structure is present
(ii) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
(iii) Name the stages involved in the formation of urine.
(iv)What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? Briefly describe the process. 

Give reasons for the following:

(ii) Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.