Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.
The critical faculty is the most potent one in the human make-up. Its pervasiveness and force have not properly been recognized because like breathing, it is so much a part and parcel of human activity. The difference between a simpleton and an intelligent man, according to the man who is convinced that he is of the latter category, is that the former wholeheartedly accepts all things that he sees and hears while the latter never admits anything except after a most searching scrutiny. He imagines his intelligence to be a sieve of closely woven mesh through which nothing but the finest can pass.
 
The critical sense is essential for keeping social transactions in a warm state. Otherwise life would become very dull and goody-goody. The critical faculty is responsible for a lot of give and take in life. It increases our awareness of our surroundings; it sounds dignified no doubt but it seems also to mean that we can watch someone else’s back better than our own! We never know our own defects till they are pointed out to us and even, then we need not accept them. We always question the bonafides of the man who tells us unpleasant facts. On the surface it is all very well to say, ‘I want an honest criticism: that will help me, not blind compliments.’ I wish people would mean it.

What, according to the writer, is the essential link between breathing and the critical faculty?

• Both are required in social relations

• Both are exercised by human beings

• Both grow with age

• Both stop with death

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Some people say that man’s desire for war is due to his fight for survival and that war is necessary to preserve his virility. Yet war nowadays leaves a legacy of the weakest men and stimulates not the weakest men and stimulates not the noble but the bestial qualities of mankind.

Adventure of some kind is necessary for man: he will inevitably deteriorate physically and mentally if his life is one of ease and luxury lived in an atmosphere of “Safety First’. This is the real reason behind our love of sports in the open air. It is no use being a millionaire if one suffers from chronic is far happier. Nothing that money can buy is worthwhile without good health. There is no better way to perfect health and physical fitness than to walk over or climb hills and mountains.

But mountains give us much more than mere physical fitness; they exercise the mental faculties as well. climbing a high and difficult peak is as much a mental exercise as a physical exercise. It calls for sense and judgement for planning and thinking ahead, for anticipating difficulty and danger, for responsibility one’s companions, and best of all, it brings the mountaineer into touch with the beauties of the universe.

Which is the best way to perfect health and physical fitness, according to the passage?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Some people say that man’s desire for war is due to his fight for survival and that war is necessary to preserve his virility. Yet war nowadays leaves a legacy of the weakest men and stimulates not the weakest men and stimulates not the noble but the bestial qualities of mankind.

Adventure of some kind is necessary for man: he will inevitably deteriorate physically and mentally if his life is one of ease and luxury lived in an atmosphere of “Safety First’. This is the real reason behind our love of sports in the open air. It is no use being a millionaire if one suffers from chronic is far happier. Nothing that money can buy is worthwhile without good health. There is no better way to perfect health and physical fitness than to walk over or climb hills and mountains.

But mountains give us much more than mere physical fitness; they exercise the mental faculties as well. climbing a high and difficult peak is as much a mental exercise as a physical exercise. It calls for sense and judgement for planning and thinking ahead, for anticipating difficulty and danger, for responsibility one’s companions, and best of all, it brings the mountaineer into touch with the beauties of the universe.

If a man leads a life in an atmosphere of 'Safety First' he will

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Some people say that man’s desire for war is due to his fight for survival and that war is necessary to preserve his virility. Yet war nowadays leaves a legacy of the weakest men and stimulates not the weakest men and stimulates not the noble but the bestial qualities of mankind.

Adventure of some kind is necessary for man: he will inevitably deteriorate physically and mentally if his life is one of ease and luxury lived in an atmosphere of “Safety First’. This is the real reason behind our love of sports in the open air. It is no use being a millionaire if one suffers from chronic is far happier. Nothing that money can buy is worthwhile without good health. There is no better way to perfect health and physical fitness than to walk over or climb hills and mountains.

But mountains give us much more than mere physical fitness; they exercise the mental faculties as well. climbing a high and difficult peak is as much a mental exercise as a physical exercise. It calls for sense and judgement for planning and thinking ahead, for anticipating difficulty and danger, for responsibility one’s companions, and best of all, it brings the mountaineer into touch with the beauties of the universe.

War nowadays stimulates

Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Some people say that man’s desire for war is due to his fight for survival and that war is necessary to preserve his virility. Yet war nowadays leaves a legacy of the weakest men and stimulates not the weakest men and stimulates not the noble but the bestial qualities of mankind.

Adventure of some kind is necessary for man: he will inevitably deteriorate physically and mentally if his life is one of ease and luxury lived in an atmosphere of “Safety First’. This is the real reason behind our love of sports in the open air. It is no use being a millionaire if one suffers from chronic is far happier. Nothing that money can buy is worthwhile without good health. There is no better way to perfect health and physical fitness than to walk over or climb hills and mountains.

But mountains give us much more than mere physical fitness; they exercise the mental faculties as well. climbing a high and difficult peak is as much a mental exercise as a physical exercise. It calls for sense and judgement for planning and thinking ahead, for anticipating difficulty and danger, for responsibility one’s companions, and best of all, it brings the mountaineer into touch with the beauties of the universe.

According to the passage, nothing that money can buy is worthwhile.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

what is peculiar about the 'volunteers’ response to drugs given following the consumption of placebo?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

To whom are Placebos administered?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

What does the writer prove?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

Why are Placebos administered?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

What has the experiment confirmed?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

What is the impression of the author about our schools and colleges?