In the following questions, read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

A small band of biologists share a dream - to find species of sea or land animals hitherto completely unknown or to discover living examples of animals thought to have died out ages ago. Finds made in this century encourage these dreamers, whose field is aptly named cryptozoology - literally, the science of hidden animals.
    Size and habitat are often responsible for an animal's having been overlooked. Not surprisingly, a bumblebee-size bat that lives in caves in Thailand eluded detection until 1973. But larger animals in less remote sites have also remained hidden. Herds of a species of peccary supposedly extinct since the last ice, age, for instance, were found in Paraguay in 1975. 
Native people sometimes offer scientists useful clues. An unusual feather in a local's hat sparked the discovery of a showy African peacock in 1936, and accounts of giant lizards on the Indonesian island of Komodo proved not to be mere myth when naturalist P.A. Ouwens identified four of the creatures captured in 1912. As cryptozoologists follow such leads into little-explored areas, they remain optimistic that it is not too late to uncover sensational surprises.

The dream of cryptozoologist is to find ____________.

• Species of sea or land animals hitherto completely unknown.

• All of the given options.

• Living examples of animals thought to have died out ages ago.

• Hidden, supposedly extinct animals.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

what is peculiar about the 'volunteers’ response to drugs given following the consumption of placebo?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

To whom are Placebos administered?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

What does the writer prove?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

Why are Placebos administered?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Placebo literally means “I shall please, “Placebos are inert substances given to some volunteers in a given study while other volunteers are treated with experimental drugs – whose effect is tested by measuring the difference in response to the powerless placebo and to the drug. Some of a group of volunteers who had just had group of volunteers who had just had their wisdom teeth extracted were given morphine to alleviate their pain: the others swallowed a placebo they belived to be morphine. Many of the placebo recipients said they experienced dramatic relied from their pain. However, when a drug that blocks the effects of endorphine was given them, the pain returned almost immediately. the test confirmed something believes he or she has been given a pain reliever, the brain releases chemicals to substantiate that belief. In short, the placebo effect is an act of faith. Very recent studies have determined that the placebo effect is much more powerful than previously imagined. So be careful what you believe and pretend  – it may come to pass.

What has the experiment confirmed?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

What is the impression of the author about our schools and colleges?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

What is the prevailing impression about schools and colleges?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

Who, in our educational system, are termed failures?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

What is the first thing that a student is made to learn in our schools?

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

There is a general impression among the public that our schools and colleges educate students. That some kind of uncritical knowledge is imparted to the students is beyond any doubt. students are made to copy notes, learn them by heart, and reproduce it during examination. Those who learn by heart and reproduce it to the exact letter are considered as the best. others who do not succeed in the exercise are termed ‘failures.’ The examination results are all a grading in memory work which has nothing to do with education. An educated person is one who has developed qualities of mind and heart, and who can critically evaluate things and objectively decide the course of his action based on factual information.

The impressions that the students gather in the years of their academic life are important for their future. in fact, attitudes to life are built on what is happening in the academic institutions. The type of things that are taught, the ways and methods of communication and the mental attitudes of those who teach are primary in education. What are some of the things taught in our institutions? The first thing that the student learns is that the teacher is always right. Students do not know.

Who, according to the author, is an educated person?