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Mechanical Properties Of Fluids

Question
CBSEENPH11019431

A body weighs W1at 0°C and W2 at θ°C in a liquid. If ρand σ0 be the densities of the body and liquid at 0°C and γb and γL be the coefficients of expansions of body and liquid respectively and γb < γL then which is greater: W1 or W2?

Solution
Consider a body of volume V0 at 0°C.
Since ρ0 and σ0 are the densities of body and liquid at zero degree Celsius, then weight of body in liquid at 0°C is, 
                     straight W subscript 1 equals straight V subscript straight o left parenthesis straight rho subscript straight o minus straight sigma subscript straight o right parenthesis straight g
If the temperature of system is increased, the volume of body increases and densities of body and liquid decrease, given by 
                       straight V equals straight V subscript straight o left parenthesis 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight b straight theta right parenthesis 
Therefore,
 Density space of space the space body comma space straight rho equals fraction numerator straight rho subscript straight o over denominator 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight b straight theta end fraction
Density space of space the space liquid comma space straight sigma space equals space fraction numerator straight sigma subscript straight o over denominator 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight e straight theta end fraction 
At temperature θ, the weight of body in liquid is,
space straight W subscript 2 equals straight V left parenthesis straight rho minus straight sigma right parenthesis straight g
That is, 
equals space straight V subscript straight o left parenthesis 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight b straight theta right parenthesis space open square brackets fraction numerator ρθ over denominator left parenthesis 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight b straight theta right parenthesis end fraction space minus space begin inline style fraction numerator straight sigma subscript straight o over denominator 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight c straight theta end fraction end style close square brackets space straight g

equals space straight V subscript straight o space open square brackets straight rho subscript straight o space minus straight sigma subscript straight o space fraction numerator 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight b straight theta over denominator 1 plus straight gamma subscript straight c straight theta end fraction space close square brackets space straight g

equals space straight V subscript straight o space left square bracket straight rho subscript straight o space minus straight sigma subscript straight o left curly bracket space 1 space plus space left parenthesis straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c space right parenthesis space straight theta right curly bracket right square bracket straight g space

Therefore comma space

straight W subscript 2 space equals space straight V subscript straight o space left square bracket space straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript straight o left curly bracket space 1 space plus space left parenthesis straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c space right parenthesis space straight theta right curly bracket space right square bracket straight g space

space space space space space space equals space space straight V subscript straight o space left square bracket space straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript straight o right parenthesis space minus space straight sigma subscript straight o space left curly bracket space left parenthesis space straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c space right parenthesis straight theta right curly bracket space right square bracket space straight g space

space space space space space space equals space space straight V subscript straight o space left parenthesis straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript straight o right parenthesis space straight g space open square brackets 1 space minus space fraction numerator straight sigma subscript straight o space left parenthesis straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c right parenthesis over denominator left parenthesis straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript 0 right parenthesis end fraction straight theta close square brackets

space space space space space space equals space straight W subscript 1 space open square brackets 1 space minus space fraction numerator straight sigma subscript straight o space left parenthesis straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c right parenthesis over denominator left parenthesis straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript 0 right parenthesis end fraction straight theta close square brackets

Since comma space straight gamma subscript straight b space less than straight gamma subscript straight c space

therefore space straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c space less than space 0

therefore space open square brackets 1 space minus space fraction numerator straight sigma subscript straight o space left parenthesis straight gamma subscript straight b space minus straight gamma subscript straight c right parenthesis over denominator left parenthesis straight rho subscript straight o space minus space straight sigma subscript 0 right parenthesis end fraction straight theta close square brackets space greater than thin space 1 space

That space is comma space

straight W subscript 2 space greater than thin space straight W subscript 1