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Challenges To And Restoration Of The Congress System

Question
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Highlight the acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975. In your opinion, how did these acts affect the public opinion ?

Solution

Acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975:-

(i) Many political workers who were not arrested in the first wave, went ‘underground’ and organised protests against the government.
(ii) Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down rather than submit to censorship.
(iii)Many journalists were arrested for writing against the Emergency. Many
underground newsletters and leaflets were published to bypass censorship.
(iv)Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth, awarded with Padma Bhushan, and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu, awarded with Padma Shri, returned their awards in protest against the suspension of democracy.
(v) The Parliament also brought in many new changes to the Constitution. In the background of the ruling of the Allahabad High Court in the Indira Gandhi case, an amendment was made declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice-President could not be challenged in the Court.
  Effects:-

(i) After the declaration of Emergency, the urban middle classes were generally happy over the fact that agitations came to an end and discipline was enforced on the government employees.
(ii) The poor and rural people also expected effective implementation of the welfare programmes that the government was promising.
Thus, different sections of society had different expectations from the emergency and also different viewpoints about it.


Some More Questions From Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress system Chapter

Which of these statements about the 1967 elections is/are correct ?

Match the following :

Whom would you identify with the following slogans/phrases ?

(a) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan

(b) Indira Hatao!

(c) Garibi Hatao!

Which of the following statement about the Grand Alliance of 1971 is correct ?
The Grand Alliance.....

How should a political party resolve its internal differences ? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.

(a) Follow the footsteps of the party president

(b) Listen to the majority group

(c) Secret ballot voting on every issue

(d) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party

State which of these were reasons for the defeat of the Congress in 1967. Give reasons for your answer.

(a) The absence of a charismatic leader in the Congress party

(b) Split within the Congress party

(c) Increased mobilisation of regional, ethnic and communal groups

(d) Increased unity among non-Congress parties

(e) Internal differences within the Congress party

What were the factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the early 1970s ?

What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties ? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party ?

Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.

Read the passage and answer the questions below : ... Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly centralised and undemocratic party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that Nehru had led.....But this ... could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the entire nature of politics. This new. populist politics turned political ideology ....... into a mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government policies ...... During its great electoral victories in early 1970s, amidst the celebration, the Congress party as a political organisation died................—Sudipta Kaviraj

(a) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru and Indira Gandhi ?

(b) Why does the author say that the Congress party ‘died’ in the seventies ?

(c) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also ?