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Challenges To And Restoration Of The Congress System

Question
CBSEENPO12041192
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Study the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Indira Gandhi had emerged as a towering leader with tremendous popularity. This was also the period when party competition became bitter and polarized. This period also witnessed tensions in the relationship between the government and the judiciary. The Supreme Court found many initiatives of the government to be violative of the Constitution. The Congress party took the position that this stand of the Court was against the principles of democracy and parliamentary supremacy. The Congress also alleged that the Court was a conservative institution and it was becoming an obstacle in the way of implementing pro-poor welfare programmes. The parties opposed to the Congress felt that politics was becoming too personalized and that governmental authority was being converted into personal authority.

(i) Which two achievements of Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister made her a towering leader with tremendous popularity?

(ii) Identify any one initiative of the government which was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

(iii) Highlight the pro-poor welfare programme which the Congress wanted to implement.

Solution

(i) (a) The slogan of ‘Garibi Hatao’ and the programmes that followed it.
(b) Also, the Indo-Pak war of 1971 and formation of Bangladesh as independent nation made Indira Gandhi a towering leader with tremendous popularity.

(ii)The parliament had amended the constitution saying the parliament can abridge Fundamental rights for giving effect to Directive Principles of state policy. But the Supreme Court rejected this initiative as unconstitutional.

(iii) The welfare programes were:

(a) Imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property.

(b) Abolition of princely privileges or Privy Purse.

Some More Questions From Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress system Chapter

Whom would you identify with the following slogans/phrases ?

(a) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan

(b) Indira Hatao!

(c) Garibi Hatao!

Which of the following statement about the Grand Alliance of 1971 is correct ?
The Grand Alliance.....

How should a political party resolve its internal differences ? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.

(a) Follow the footsteps of the party president

(b) Listen to the majority group

(c) Secret ballot voting on every issue

(d) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party

State which of these were reasons for the defeat of the Congress in 1967. Give reasons for your answer.

(a) The absence of a charismatic leader in the Congress party

(b) Split within the Congress party

(c) Increased mobilisation of regional, ethnic and communal groups

(d) Increased unity among non-Congress parties

(e) Internal differences within the Congress party

What were the factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the early 1970s ?

What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties ? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party ?

Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.

Read the passage and answer the questions below : ... Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly centralised and undemocratic party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that Nehru had led.....But this ... could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the entire nature of politics. This new. populist politics turned political ideology ....... into a mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government policies ...... During its great electoral victories in early 1970s, amidst the celebration, the Congress party as a political organisation died................—Sudipta Kaviraj

(a) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru and Indira Gandhi ?

(b) Why does the author say that the Congress party ‘died’ in the seventies ?

(c) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also ?

Who said the famous slogan of ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ ?

Who started the slogan ‘garibi hatao’ ?

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