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Challenges To And Restoration Of The Congress System

Question
CBSEENPO12041172
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Analyse the circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. Mention any four achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister.

OR

Analyse the circumstances responsible for the declaration of a state of emergency in India on 25th June, 1975.

Solution

Indira Gandhi was the daughter of popular ex Prime Minister J.L Nehru. She had become Congress President in 1958 and had been Union Minister for Information in Shashtri’s Cabinet from 1964-66.

i. She had given a positive famous slogan “Garibi Hatao”.

ii. She had focused on the growth of the public sector and had imposed the ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property to remove disparities in income and opportunity.

iii. She had abolished the princely privileges to prevail the principles of equality and social and economic justice.

iv. Decisive victory in the 1971’s India – Pakistan war soared Indira Gandhi’s popularity. First nuclear explosion in 1974, which termed it a peaceful explosion, had also increased her popularity.

OR

Circumstances that led to imposition of emergency:

i. Clash between the executive Government & judiciary.

ii. Rising prices and lower growth rate.

iii. Students movements in Bihar and Gujrat against price rise and corruption.

iv. Railway strike led by Gorge Fernades.

v. A big rally at Ram Lila Maidan and call to the employees including police/ army not to obey the undemocratic orders.

vi. Judgement of Allahabad High Court setting aside the election of Indira Gandhi.

Some More Questions From Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress system Chapter

Whom would you identify with the following slogans/phrases ?

(a) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan

(b) Indira Hatao!

(c) Garibi Hatao!

Which of the following statement about the Grand Alliance of 1971 is correct ?
The Grand Alliance.....

How should a political party resolve its internal differences ? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.

(a) Follow the footsteps of the party president

(b) Listen to the majority group

(c) Secret ballot voting on every issue

(d) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party

State which of these were reasons for the defeat of the Congress in 1967. Give reasons for your answer.

(a) The absence of a charismatic leader in the Congress party

(b) Split within the Congress party

(c) Increased mobilisation of regional, ethnic and communal groups

(d) Increased unity among non-Congress parties

(e) Internal differences within the Congress party

What were the factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the early 1970s ?

What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties ? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party ?

Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.

Read the passage and answer the questions below : ... Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly centralised and undemocratic party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that Nehru had led.....But this ... could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the entire nature of politics. This new. populist politics turned political ideology ....... into a mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government policies ...... During its great electoral victories in early 1970s, amidst the celebration, the Congress party as a political organisation died................—Sudipta Kaviraj

(a) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru and Indira Gandhi ?

(b) Why does the author say that the Congress party ‘died’ in the seventies ?

(c) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also ?

Who said the famous slogan of ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ ?

Who started the slogan ‘garibi hatao’ ?

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