’States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment.’ Analyses the statement giving suitable Examples.
Or
Analyse India‘s stand on environmental issues.
(i) The developing countries feel that much of the ecological degradation in the world is the product of industrial development undertaken by the developed countries. If they have caused more degradation, they must also take more responsibility for undoing the damage now.
(ii) Moreover developing countries are in process of industrialization and they must not be subjected to the same restrictions. They must be taken in account in the development application and interpretation of rules of international environmental law. This argument was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992 and is called ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’.
(iii) The 1992 United National Framework Conversation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) also provides that the parties should act to protect the climate system “on the basis of equality and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities.”
(iv) The KYOTO Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions.
Or
India, China and other developing countries were exempted from the requirements of KYOTO Protocol. But the critics of the KYOTO Protocol pointed out that sooner or later, both India, China along with other developing countries, will be among the leading contributors to Green House gas emission.
(i) At the G-8 meeting in June. 2005, India pointed out the per capita emission rates of the developing countries are a tiny fraction of those in the developed world.
(ii) India is of the view that the major responsibility of curbing emission rests with the developed countries, which have accumulated emissions over a long period of time.
(iii) India‘s international negotiating position relies heavily on principles of historical responsibility, as enshrined in UNFCCC.
