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The Cold War Era

Question

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The Cold War produced an arms race as well as arms control. What were the reasons for both these developments?

Solution

The reasons for arms race:

Huge stocks of arms were considered necessary to prevent wars from taking place. Both USA and USSR wanted prove their supremacy on the global stage. The two opposite bloc were sceptical to each other about their nuclear arsenals which led them produce more and more nuclear weapons for their safeguard.

Arms control: The two sides understood that war might occur in spite of restraint. Either side might miscalculate the number of weapons in the possession of the other side. They might misunderstand the intentions of the other side. In time, therefore, the US and USSR decided to collaborate in limiting or eliminating certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons. A stable balance of weapons, they decided, could be maintained through ‘arms control’.

Starting in the 1960s, the two sides signed three significant agreements within a decade. These were the Limited Test Ban Treaty, Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Thereafter, the superpowers held several rounds of arms limitation talks and signed several more treaties to limit their arms.

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