Explain the Indo-Pakistan conflicts.
(i) Kashmir issue : Soon after the partition the two countries were involved in a conflict over the fate of Kashmir. The Pakistani government claimed that Kashmir belonged to it. This led to wars in 1947-48 and 1965. India won a decisive war against Pakistan in 1971 but the Kashmir question remained unsolved.
(ii) There is a conflict over strategic issues like the control of the Siachen glacier and over acquisition of arms. Both the countries have nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver arms against each other. In 1998 India conducted nuclear explosion in Pokharan while Pakistan responded by carrying out nuclear test in the Chagai Hills.
(iii) The Indian government has blamed Pakistan for helping the kashmir militants with arms, money and protection to carry out terrorists strikes against India. It also believes Pakistan aided pro Khalistani militants with arms and ammunitions during 1985-1995.
(iv) According to India, Pakistan’s spy agency ISI is involved in various anti-India campaigns in India's north east operating secretly through Bangladesh and Nepal.
(v) There are differences over the sharing of river waters. However, Indus-waters Treaty has solved this problem.
(vi) The two countries are not in agreement over the demarcation line in Sir Creek in the Rann of Kutch.
