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Challenges To And Restoration Of The Congress System

Question

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Write a note on the political transition that took place after Nehru.

Solution

Before his death in May 1964, Nehru’s illness had generated a speculation about the question of his succession such as ‘Who after Nehru’ and ‘After Nehru what’ ?It was feared that the failure could lead to a political role for the army. The ease with which succession after Nehru took place proved all the critics wrong. Lal Bahadur Shastri was unanimously elected leader of the Congress Parliamentary party. Even the ‘Guardian’ newspaper of London exalted the succession after Nehru.

Even after sudden death of Shastri at Tashkent in January 1966, the transition from Shastri to Indira Gandhi was peaceful despite intense competition for leadership between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. All this shows a sign of maturity of India's democracy.

Some More Questions From Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress system Chapter

How should a political party resolve its internal differences ? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.
(a) Follow the footsteps of the party president

(b) Listen to the majority group

(c) Secret ballot voting on every issue

(d) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party

State which of these were reasons for the defeat of the Congress in 1967. Give reasons for your answer.
(a) The absence of a charismatic leader in the Congress party

(b) Split within the Congress party

(c) Increased mobilisation of regional, ethnic and communal groups

(d) Increased unity among non-Congress parties

(e) Internal differences within the Congress party

What were the factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the early 1970s ?

What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties ? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party ?

Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.

Read the passage and answer the questions below : ... Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly centralised and undemocratic party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that Nehru had led.....But this ... could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the entire nature of politics. This new. populist politics turned political ideology ....... into a mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government policies ...... During its great electoral victories in early 1970s, amidst the celebration, the Congress party as a political organisation died................—Sudipta Kaviraj
(a) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru and Indira Gandhi ?

(b) Why does the author say that the Congress party ‘died’ in the seventies ?

(c) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also ?

Who said the famous slogan of ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ ?

Who started the slogan ‘garibi hatao’ ?

Which popular policy measures were taken by Indira Gandhi?

What is the full form of SVD?

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