Infant mortality rate refers to the number of the children that die:

 

• before the age of one year as a proportion to 1000 live births in that particular year

   

• before the age of ive years as a proportion to 1000 live births in that particular year

   

• before the age of one year as a proportion to 100 live births in that particular year

   

• out of 1000 live births in that particular year

Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking
than Maharashtra. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and
should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

Find out present sources of energy used by people in India. What could be possibilities fifty years from now?

Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

“The earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed to even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.

List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.

For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.

The following table shows the proportion of undernourished adults in India. It is based on a survey of various states in the country for the year 2001. Look at the table and answer the following questions:

(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Can you guess why around 40 per cent of people in the country are under-nourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your our own words.

Discuss the following in brief:

(a) Three classes of economic activities

(b) Four factors of production

(c) Write any four important issues concerning the State.

Discuss the characteristics of development.