According to the conservatives, which of the following measure(s) could strengthen autocratic monarchies of Europe?

• Modern army

• An efficient bureaucracy

• A dynamic economy

• All of these

Write notes on:

The role of women in nationalist struggles.

What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?

Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?

Briefly trace the process of German unification.

What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?

Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?

Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.

Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century.

How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?

Why did nationalist tension emerge in the Balkans?