The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was drawn up with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. What is not correct in the following?

• The new kingdom of the Netherlands included Belgium.

• Russia was given part of Poland.

• The existing German confederation of 39 states was broken up.

• Austria was given control of northern Italy.

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The Greek War of Independence

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Frankfurt Parliament

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The role of women in nationalist struggles.

What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?

Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?

Briefly trace the process of German unification.

What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?

Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?

Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.

Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century.