Explain the process of unification of Italy.

OR

Explain any three steps taken by the French to develop cultivation in the Mekong Delta.

Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynasties as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire. The past revolutionary uprisings, which failed, prompted King Victor Emmanuel II from Sardinia-Piedmont to unify the Italian states through war.

(i) In 1859, Giuseppe Garibaldi headed a revolution against Austria in an alliance with France.

(ii) In 1860, the forces marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and drove out the Spanish rulers.

iii) In 1861, Victor Emanuel was proclaimed as the king of united Italy and Rome was declared the capital of Italy.

                                                                    OR
The steps taken by the French to develop cultivation in the Mekong delta were:

(i) Build canals and draining lands to increase cultivation.

(ii) Used of forced labour to build canals and earthworks.

(iii) Increased rice production and allowed the export of rice.