Explain the followings:

(i) Blood pressure.
(ii) Systole pressure and diastole pressure. How they are expressed.
(iii) Name of the instrument which is used to measure blood pressure.
(iv) Higher blood pressure and its harmful effects.

(i) Blood pressure: The force that blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel is called blood pressure. The blood pressure is much greater in arteries than veins.
(ii) (a) Systole pressure: The blood pressure inside an artery during ventricular systole (contriction) is known as systole pressure.
(b) Diastolic pressure: The blood pressure in artery during ventricular diastole (relaxation) is known as diastolic pressure.
This is expressed as systolic pressure/diastolic pressure. The normal systolic pressure is 120 mm of Hg and the diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg. It expressed as 120/80.
(iii) Sphygmometer instrument is used to measure blood pressure. As shown in the figure for understanding.

Fig. 6.21. Measurement of blood pressure by sphygmometer

Note: Figure is given for enrichment.
(iv) High blood pressure: Higher blood pressure is also known as hypertension. Hypertension is caused by the constriction of arterioles. It results in increased resistance to blood. Harmful effects of high blood pressure: It can lead to rupture of an artery and internal bleeding. If untreated may cause death of the patient.