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How are salts formed? What determines their pH value in aqueous solution?

Solution

Salts are formed by combination of acids and bases. For example, salt of sodium sulphate, Na₂SO₄ is formed by reaction of sulphuric acid with sodium hydroxide. The combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide soution is called sodium chloride. This is the salt we used in food. Salts of strong acid and a strong base are neutral with pH value of 7. Whereas salts of strong acid and weak base are acidic with pH value less than 7 and those of a strong base and weak acid are basic in nature with pH value more than 7.

Some More Questions From Control and Coordination Chapter

What are indicators? Name four acid-base indicators and mention their colour change.

What are antacids?

What are olfactory indicators?

You are given the following solutions:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃), acetic acid (CH₃COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide [(Ca(OH)₂], potassium hydroxide (KOH), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH). Give the colour change for each of these solutions with red litmus, blue litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange solutions.

Choose the olfactory indicators and give their characteristics: red cabbage extract, onion, vanilla extract, litmus, clove oil.

What do you understand by concentrated and dilute acids?

How do metals react with bases?

What is a neutralization reaction? Give some examples.

What are non-metallic oxides? Substantiate your answer.

Take 5 ml hydrochloric acid in a boiling tube or a conical flask. Add a few pieces of zinc granules to it.

(a) What do you observe on the surface of zinc granules?
(b) Name the gas evolved.
(c) What happens when the above gas is passed through soap solution?
(d) What happens when a burning candle is brought near the gas filled tube?

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