What are the main causes of speedy population growth in India?

(i) Fall in death rate : Increased level of control over families and epidemic diseases like plague, smallpox, cholera and pandemic like Spanish Flue, Asian influenza and Hongkong influenza. These are under checks due to improvements in medical cures, programmes for mass vaccination and efforts to improve sanitations. No doubt, diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea and dysentery are still existed, these take a toll of minuscule population hence, not so fatal as in the past.

(ii) Increase in birth rate : As per census of 2001, birth rate in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh is still at the highest level as compared to other states of India. Total Fertility rates in these states have been recorded over 4 per woman. These states have contributed 45% to the total population as of 2001 and it is estimated that they will also account for about half of the additions to the Indian population upto the year 2026.

(iii) General progress of the country in post independence period, economic developments like—green revolution, white revolution, yellow revolution and Blue revolution (i.e. genetic engineering) are some of the other factors responsible for the speedy growth of population in India.