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Determinants

Question
CBSEENMA12034845

Use matrix method to solve the following system of equations:
x – y = 5
y + z = 3
z + x = 4

Solution

The given equations are
x + y + 0z = 5
0x + y + z = 3
x + 0y + z = 4
These equations can be written as
open square brackets table row 1 cell space space 1 end cell cell space space 0 end cell row 0 cell space space 1 end cell cell space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space 0 end cell cell space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets space space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets space equals space open square brackets table row 5 row 3 row 4 end table close square brackets
or     AX space equals straight B space where space straight A space equals space open square brackets table row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell cell space space space 0 end cell row 0 cell space space space 1 end cell cell space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space 0 end cell cell space space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets comma space space space straight X space equals space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets comma space space straight B space equals space open square brackets table row 5 row 3 row 4 end table close square brackets
            open vertical bar straight A close vertical bar space equals space open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell cell space space 0 end cell row 0 cell space space 1 end cell cell space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space 0 end cell cell space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar space equals space 1 open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space 1 end cell row 0 cell space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar minus 1 open vertical bar table row 0 cell space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar plus 0 open vertical bar table row 0 cell space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space 0 end cell end table close vertical bar
space space space space space space equals space 1 left parenthesis 1 minus 0 right parenthesis space minus space 1 space left parenthesis 0 minus 1 right parenthesis space plus space 0 left parenthesis 0 minus 1 right parenthesis space equals space 1 plus 1 plus 0 space equals space 2
Co-factors of the elements of first row of |A| are
open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell row 0 cell space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space space minus open vertical bar table row 0 cell space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space space space open vertical bar table row 0 cell space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space space 0 end cell end table close vertical bar

i.e., 1, 1, – 1 respectively
Co-factors of the elements of second row of |A| are
negative open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space space space 0 end cell row 0 cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space space space space open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space 0 end cell row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space minus open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space 0 end cell end table close vertical bar
i.e.    – 1, 1, 1 respectively
Co-factors of the elements of third row of | A | are
open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space 0 end cell row 1 cell space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space minus open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space space space 0 end cell row 0 cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar comma space space space open vertical bar table row 1 cell space space 1 end cell row 0 cell space space 1 end cell end table close vertical bar
i.e., 1, – 1, 1 respectively
therefore space space space adj space straight A space equals space open square brackets table row 1 cell space space space 1 end cell cell space space minus 1 end cell row cell negative 1 end cell cell space space space space space 1 end cell cell space space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space minus 1 end cell cell space space space space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets to the power of apostrophe space space equals space open square brackets table row 1 cell space minus 1 end cell cell space space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space space 1 end cell cell space minus 1 end cell row cell negative 1 end cell cell space space space 1 end cell cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets
space space space straight A to the power of negative 1 end exponent space equals space fraction numerator adj. space straight A over denominator open vertical bar straight A close vertical bar end fraction space equals 1 half open square brackets table row 1 cell space space space minus 1 end cell cell space space space space space 1 end cell row 1 cell space space space space space 1 end cell cell space minus 1 end cell row cell negative 1 end cell cell space space space space space space 1 end cell cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets
Now comma space space AX space equals space straight B space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space space space straight X space equals space straight A to the power of negative 1 end exponent straight B space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets space equals space 1 half open square brackets table row 1 cell space space minus 1 end cell cell space space space space 1 end cell row cell space 1 end cell cell space space space space space space 1 end cell cell space space minus 1 end cell row cell negative 1 end cell cell space space space space space space 1 end cell cell space space space space 1 end cell end table close square brackets space open square brackets table row 5 row 3 row 4 end table close square brackets
rightwards double arrow space space space space space space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets space space equals space 1 half open square brackets table row cell 5 minus 3 plus 4 end cell row cell 5 plus 3 minus 4 end cell row cell negative 5 plus 3 plus 4 end cell end table close square brackets space space rightwards double arrow space space space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets space equals space 1 half open square brackets table row 6 row 4 row 2 end table close square brackets space space rightwards double arrow space space space space space open square brackets table row straight x row straight y row straight z end table close square brackets space equals space open square brackets table row 3 row 2 row 1 end table close square brackets
therefore space space space space space space space space straight x space equals space 3 comma space space space space straight y space equals space 2 comma space space space straight z space equals space 1

 

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