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Probability

Question
CBSEENMA12033739

A and B take turn in throwing two dice. The first to throw sum 9 being awarded. Show that if A has the first throw, their chances of winning are in the ratio 9:8.

Solution

Let E be the event of getting sum 9 in a throw of two dice.
therefore          straight E space equals space open curly brackets left parenthesis 3 comma space 6 right parenthesis comma space left parenthesis 4 comma space 5 right parenthesis comma space left parenthesis 5 comma space 4 right parenthesis comma space left parenthesis 6 comma space 3 right parenthesis close curly brackets
therefore space space straight P left parenthesis straight E right parenthesis space equals space 4 over 36 space equals space 1 over 9 comma space space space space space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space equals space 1 minus 1 over 9 space equals space 8 over 9
Now A wins in first throw or third row or 5th throw or................
therefore   proability of winning of A = P(E) + straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top space straight E with bar on top space straight E right parenthesis + straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top space straight E with bar on top space straight E with bar on top space straight E with bar on top space straight E right parenthesis plus.......
                       equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space space space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space straight P left parenthesis straight E right parenthesis plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis thin space straight P space left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space straight P space left parenthesis straight E with bar on top right parenthesis space straight P left parenthesis straight E right parenthesis plus......
equals space 1 over 9 plus 8 over 9 cross times 8 over 9 cross times 1 over 9 plus 8 over 9 cross times 8 over 9 cross times 8 over 9 cross times 1 over 9 plus...
equals space 1 over 9 open square brackets 1 plus open parentheses 8 over 9 close parentheses squared plus open parentheses 8 over 9 close parentheses to the power of 4 plus... close square brackets space equals 1 over 9 open square brackets fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 minus open parentheses begin display style 8 over 9 end style close parentheses squared end fraction close square brackets space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space open square brackets because space space straight S space equals space fraction numerator straight a over denominator 1 minus straight r end fraction close square brackets
equals space 1 over 9 open square brackets 81 over 17 close square brackets space equals space 9 over 17
therefore probability of winning of B = 1 minus 9 over 17 space equals space 8 over 17
therefore required ratio = 9 over 17 colon 8 over 17 space equals 9 space colon space 8.
 

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