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Three Dimensional Geometry

Question
CBSEENMA12033336

Find the shortest distance between the following lines.
           straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space straight i with hat on top space plus space 2 space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top space plus space straight lambda space left parenthesis straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis
and     straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space 2 space straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space minus space straight k with hat on top space plus space straight mu space left parenthesis 2 space straight i with hat on top space plus space straight j with hat on top space plus space 2 space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis  

Solution

The equations of the two lines are
             straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space straight i with hat on top space plus space 2 space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top space plus space straight lambda space left parenthesis straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis                         ...(1)
and      straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space 2 space straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space minus space straight k with hat on top space plus space straight mu space left parenthesis 2 space straight i with hat on top space plus space straight j with hat on top space plus space 2 space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis                   ...(2)
Comparing these equations with
              straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space straight a with rightwards arrow on top subscript 1 space plus space straight lambda space stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space space and space straight r with rightwards arrow on top space equals space stack straight a subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top space plus space straight mu space stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top space we space get comma
stack straight a subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space equals space straight i with hat on top space plus 2 space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top comma space space stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space equals space straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top
stack straight a subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top space equals space 2 space straight i with hat on top space minus space straight j with hat on top space minus space straight k with hat on top comma space space space stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top space equals space 2 space straight i with hat on top space plus space straight j with hat on top space plus space 2 space straight k with hat on top
Let S be point on line (1) with position vector stack straight a subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top and T be point on line (2) with position vector stack straight a subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top so that

                        ST with rightwards arrow on top space equals space stack straight a subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top space minus space stack straight a subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space equals straight i with hat on top space minus space 3 space straight j with hat on top space minus space 2 space straight k with hat on top
Now,          stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space cross times space stack straight b subscript 2 space with rightwards arrow on top space equals space open vertical bar table row cell straight i with hat on top end cell cell straight j with hat on top end cell cell straight k with hat on top end cell row 1 cell negative 1 end cell 1 row 2 1 2 end table close vertical bar
                                equals space left parenthesis negative 2 minus 1 right parenthesis space straight i with hat on top space minus space left parenthesis 2 minus 2 right parenthesis space straight j with hat on top space plus space left parenthesis 1 plus 2 right parenthesis space straight k with hat on top space equals space minus 3 space straight i with hat on top space plus space 3 space straight k with hat on top
therefore space space space space space open vertical bar stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top space cross times space stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top close vertical bar space equals space square root of left parenthesis negative 3 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis 0 right parenthesis squared plus left parenthesis 3 right parenthesis squared end root space equals space square root of 18 space equals space 3 square root of 2
Let PQ with rightwards arrow on top be the S.D. vector between given lines. Therefore, it is parallel to stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top cross times stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top.
If straight n with rightwards arrow on top is a unit vector along PQ with rightwards arrow on top, then
                 straight n with rightwards arrow on top space equals space fraction numerator stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top cross times stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top over denominator open vertical bar stack straight b subscript 1 with rightwards arrow on top cross times stack straight b subscript 2 with rightwards arrow on top close vertical bar end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator 3 square root of 2 end fraction left parenthesis negative 3 space straight i with hat on top space plus space 3 space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction left parenthesis negative straight i with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis
Now, S.D.  = Projection space of space ST with rightwards arrow on top space on space PQ with rightwards arrow on top space equals space Projection space of space ST with rightwards arrow on top space on space straight n with rightwards arrow on top space equals space ST with rightwards arrow on top. space straight n with rightwards arrow on top
                   equals thin space left parenthesis straight i with hat on top space minus space 3 space straight j with hat on top space minus space 2 space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis. space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction left parenthesis negative straight i with hat on top space plus space straight k with hat on top right parenthesis
                   equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction left parenthesis negative 1 minus 2 right parenthesis space equals space minus fraction numerator 3 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction space equals space minus fraction numerator 3 square root of 2 over denominator 2 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 3 square root of 2 over denominator 2 end fraction space units left parenthesis in space magnitude right parenthesis