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Differential Equations

Question
CBSEENMA12033086

In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of r% per year. Find the value of r if Rs. 100 double itself in 10 years.  (e0·5 = 1·648).

Solution
Let P denote the principal at any time t.
From given condition,
            dP over dt space equals space left parenthesis 0.05 right parenthesis thin space straight P
Separating the variables and integrating,
                       integral 1 over straight P dP space equals space 0.05 space integral 1. space dt
therefore            log space straight P space equals space left parenthesis 0.05 right parenthesis space straight t space plus space log space straight c space space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space space space log space straight P over straight c space equals space left parenthesis 0.05 right parenthesis space straight t
therefore                straight P space equals space straight c space straight e to the power of 0.05 space straight t end exponent                              ...(1)
Now              straight P space equals space 1000 space space space space space space space space space space space when space space space straight t space equals space 0
therefore space space space space space space 1000 space equals space straight c space straight e to the power of 0 space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space straight c space equals space 1000
therefore space space space space from space left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis comma space space space straight P space equals space 1000 space straight e to the power of 0.05 space straight t end exponent
When                 straight t space equals space 10 space years comma space then
                          straight P space equals space 1000 space cross times space straight e to the power of 0.05. space 10 end exponent
                               equals space 1000 space cross times straight e to the power of 0.5 end exponent space equals space 1000 space cross times space 1.648 space equals space 1648
therefore space space Rs. space 1000 will become Rs.  1648 after 10 years.

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