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Differential Equations

Question
CBSEENMA12033085

In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of r% per year. Find the value of r if Rs. 100 double itself in 10 years. 

Solution
Let P denote the principal at any time t and r% per annum be the interest rate..
From the given condition,
                           dP over dt space equals space left parenthesis 0.0 space straight r right parenthesis thin space straight P
Separating the variables and integrating, we get,
                     integral 1 over straight P dP space equals space integral 0.0 space straight r space dt
therefore space space space space space space log space straight P space equals 0.0 space straight r space straight t space plus space log space straight c space space or space space space log space straight P over straight c space equals space 0.0 space straight r space straight t          
therefore                         straight P space equals space straight c space straight e to the power of 0.00 straight r space straight t end exponent                    ...(1)
Now                straight P space equals space 100   when t = 0
therefore              100 space equals space straight c space straight e to the power of 0                  rightwards double arrow space space space straight c space equals space 100
therefore space space space from space left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis comma space space space straight P space equals space 100 straight e to the power of 0.0 straight r space straight t end exponent
Now, Rs. 100 become Rs.200 in 10 years.
therefore space space space space space space space space space space space 200 space equals space 100 space straight e to the power of left parenthesis 0.0 space straight r right parenthesis space space 10 end exponent space space space space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space 2 space equals space straight e to the power of straight r over 10 end exponent
therefore space space space space space space log subscript straight e 2 space equals space straight r over 10 space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space space space 0.6931 space equals space straight r over 10 space space rightwards double arrow space space space straight r space equals space 6.931
therefore space space space space space required space rate space of space interest space equals space 6.9 percent sign

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