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Differential Equations

Question
CBSEENMA12033084

In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year. In how many years Rs. 1000 double itself ?

Solution
Let P be the principal at any time t. According to the given problem,
                                   dP over dt space equals space open parentheses 5 over 100 close parentheses space cross times space straight P
therefore space space space space space space space dP over dt space equals space straight P over 20
Separating the variables, we get
                    dP over straight P space equals dt over 20
Integrating,  integral dP over straight P equals space integral dt over 20
therefore space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space log space straight P space equals space straight t over 20 plus straight c subscript 1 space space space or space straight P space space equals space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 plus straight c subscript 1 end exponent
or                 straight P space equals space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 end exponent. space straight e to the power of straight c subscript 1 end exponent
or                   straight P space equals space straight c space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 end exponent space left parenthesis where space straight e to the power of straight c subscript 1 end exponent space equals space straight c right parenthesis          ...(1)
Now               straight P space equals space 1000 comma space space space when space straight t space equals space 0
       therefore space space space space space space 1000 space equals space ce to the power of 0 space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space 1000 space equals space space straight c
Putting c = 1000  in (1), we get
                  straight P space equals space 1000 space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 end exponent
Let t years be the time required to double the principal. Then
            2000 space equals space 1000 space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 end exponent space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space 2 space equals space straight e to the power of straight t over 20 end exponent space space space rightwards double arrow space space straight t over 20 space equals space log subscript straight e squared space space space rightwards double arrow space space space straight t space equals space 20 space log subscript straight e 2.

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