Find the number of different signals that can be generated by arranging at least 2 flags in order (one below the other) on a vertical staff, if five different flags are available.
Total flags = 5
Number of signals generated, using two flags:
= m x n = 5 x 4 = 20 ...(i)
Or
Number of signals generated, using three flags:
= m x n x p = 5 x 4 x 3 = 60 ...(ii)
Or
Number of signals generated, using 4 flags:
= m x n x p x q = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 = 120.
Or
Number of signals generated, using all 5 flags:
= m x n x p x q x r = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
∴ Total number of signals generated
= 20 + 60 + 120 +120 = 320.