Explain how the demand for Pakistan was formalized gradually.

(a) The Congress accepted the proposal of partition as a necessary evil. It felt that partition was the only way out of the chaos and anarchy caused by communal violence instigated by the Muslim League as a result of Direct Action.

(b) Due to the bitter experience of working together with the members of the Muslim League in the interim government, Congress members were convinced that a secular and democratic republic could beset up only after partition.

(c) Communal identities were consolidated by a host of other developments in the early twentieth century. During the 1920s and early 1930s tension grew around a number of issues. Muslims were angered by “music-before-mosque”, by the cow protection movement and by the efforts of the Arya Samaj to bring back to the Hindu fold (Shuddhi) those who had recently converted to Islam. Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (organization) after 1923.
In above circumstances communal hatred grew day by day and ultimately Pakistan was created.