How did the introduction of railways in 1853 bring about changes in the fortunes of towns? Explain with two examples.
(i) The introduction of railways in 1853 meant a change in the fortunes of towns. Economic activity gradually shifted away from traditional towns which were located along old routes and rivers.
(ii) Railway stations were developed in all the three colonial cities (Calcutta, Bombay and Madras) and some important towns or cities nearby these cities. Railway stations were used by government officials, sepoys, traders, merchants and tourists.
(iii) With the expansion of network of railway links between major cities and rest of the country develop. Railways helped these cities in growth of size, population, factories, industries, transportation, better social relations and mutual understanding.
(iv) Cities became centres of interaction or exchange of political ideas and helped a lot to cities’ middle class to participate in the national freedom struggle.
