Briefly describe the stages of classification of discoveries in reconstructing the past.

Or

Describe how archaeologists classify their finds.

for the reconstruction of the past archaeologist first have to excavate and discover artefacts. However the main issue emerges after finding the artefacts. Which leads to the issue of classification.

1. classifiacation according to their materials- this part is easy, because only thing to be done is see what artefacts are made of and classify it, for example, stones, clay, ivory , metals etc.


2. Second and more complex classification is based on the function of artefacts. For example, archaeologists have to decide whether an artefact is a tool or an ornament. And there are chances that some artefacts can be both.

Thus for understanding the Function of Artefact archaeologist looks at :

(i)  Its resemblance with present day things like querns, beads, pots, stone blades etc.

(ii) Archaeologists try to understand function of  artefact in the context in which it was found. For example, whether it was  found in the  house, or in grave, in kiln etc

iii. Indirect Evidences: Many a times archaeologists have to take help of indirect evidences. For example pieces of cotton have been found at some Harappan sites, even then we have to take help of indirect evidences, like pictures or statues, to know about the clothing. Assumptions have been made, regarding clothing by using indirect evidences.

iv.To develop frames of references: Many a times archaeologists have to develop frames of reference. For example the first Harappan seal could not be understood till archaeologists had a context in which it was found and in terms of a comparison with finds in Mesopotamia.