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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
What were the similarities between Sufism and Bhakti Movement?
Or
Explain the concept of Sufism and its main features.
There is no denying the fact that there was a remarkable similarity between the ideologies of Sufism and Bhakti Movement which exhibits a clear reflection of the contemporary social and religious life of the people. The following facts confirm this statement:
1. Development of Goodwill amongst Hindu and Muslims : Both the communities sternly opposed the discrimination of castes, religions and divisions. They stressed the same before the people that basically there are no differences between the Hindus and Mohammedans. They are both the children of God. They told that the simple route to the attainment of Godlihood lies in the love for humanity. Both the Hindus and the Mohammedans treated Kabir, Farid and Noor-ud-din as their ideals.
2. Religious Tolerance : As a result of influence of the sermons of the saints of Bhakti Movement and Sufism, religious fanaticism grew less among the people. Even Sultans of Delhi and the Mughal rulers too were influenced by their sermons and they followed liberal policy.
3. Encouragement to the Regional Literature : The Bhakti saints compose their compositions in local languages. Guru Nanak wrote in Punjabi, Kabir in Hindi, Chaitanya in Bangla whereas the sufi saints and the Faqirs wrote in Urdu.
4. Feelings of Social Service : The sufi saints and the Bhakti poets appealed to the helpless that they should serve the poor, helpless and the orphans. Most probably many Sultans of Delhi had opened orphanages and charity houses under the influence of the sufi saints.
5. Increase in Pilgrimages : Both the sufi and the Bhakti saints were popular among the people. Hence their tombs and shrines became the places of pilgrimages. Both the Hindus and Mohammedans visited those places.
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Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the Sufis.
Analyse, with illustrations, why Bhaktland Sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
Choose any two of the religious teachers/thinkers/saints mentioned in this chapter, and find out more about their lives and teachings. Prepare a report
about the area and the times in which they lived their major ideas, how we know about them, and why you think they are important.
Find out more about practices of pilgrimage associated with the shrines mentioned in this chapter. Are these pilgrimages still undertaken? When are these shrines visited? Who visits these shrines? Why do they do so? What are the activities associated with these pilgrimages?
Mention the two earliest Bhakti Movements of Tamil Nadu, giving the main difference between them.
Mention two features of the protest movement started by Nayanars and Alvars.
Who led a new religious movement in Karnataka? What were his followers known as?
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