-->

Determination Of Income And Employment

Question
CBSEENEC12013025

How is it related to MPC and MPS? 
or
Explain relationship between MPC and multiplier.  

Solution
Relationship of K with MPC and MPS. Since multiplier indicates the effects of changes in investment on income via consumption expenditure, therefore K is related to MPC. Greater the MPC (ΔC/ΔY)', greater will be value of multiplier (K). Value of multiplier (K) depends on value of marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS). Symbolically:
box enclose straight K space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 minus MPC end fraction space equals space 1 over MPS end enclose
(A) There is direct relationship between K and MPC. If MPC is high, K will also be high but if MPC is low, K will also be small as proved below.
(i) Suppose, MPC space equals space 3 over 4 comma then straight K space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 minus begin display style 3 over 4 end style end fraction space equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator begin display style 1 fourth end style end fraction space equals space 4.
(ii) Similarly, if MPC space equals space 4 over 5 comma space left parenthesis straight i. straight e. comma space more space than space 3 over 4 right parenthesis.
   then straight K space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 minus begin display style 4 over 5 end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator begin display style 1 fifth end style end fraction space equals space 5.
Clearly, value of multiplier has gone up from 4 to 5. Thus K varies directly with value of MPC. Higher the value of MPC, higher will be value of multiplier. Lower the value of MPC, lower will be the value of multiplier (K).
(B) There is inverse relationship between K and MPS, i.e., lower the value of MPS, higher is the value of K- If MPS is high, K will be low but if MPS is low, K will be high. For example, if value of MPS = 3, value of K will be 1/3 as proved in the following example.
(i) Suppose, MPS space equals space 1 third comma  then straight K space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator begin display style 1 third end style end fraction space equals space 1 cross times space 3 over 1 space equals space 3.
(ii) Similarly, if MPS space equals space 1 fifth comma then straight K space equals space fraction numerator 1 over denominator begin display style 1 fifth end style end fraction space equals space 5.