Mention the schemes of classification of climates as suggested by V. Koeppen with their features:
Groups |
Type |
Letter Code |
Characteristics |
Tropical Wet |
Af |
No dry season |
|
A–Tropical Humid Climates |
Tropical monsoon |
Am |
Monsoonal, short dry season |
Tropical wet and |
Aw |
Winter dry season |
|
dry |
|||
B–Dry Climates |
Sub-tropical |
BSh |
Low-latitude semi arid or dry |
steppe |
|||
Subtropical desert |
BWh |
Low latitude arid or dry |
|
Mid-latitude |
BSk |
Mid-latitude semi or dry |
|
steppe |
|||
Mid-latitude |
BWk |
Mid-latitude arid or dry |
|
desert |
|||
C–Warm temperate |
Humid |
Cfa |
No dry season, hot summer |
(Mid-latitude) |
sub-tropical |
||
Climates |
Mediterranean |
Csa |
Dry hot summer |
Marine west coast |
Cfb |
No dry season, warm and cool |
|
summer |
|||
D–Cool Snow-forest Climates |
Humid continental |
Df |
No dry season, severe winter |
Sub-arctic |
Dw |
Winter dry and very severe |
|
E–Cold Climates |
Tundra |
ET |
No true summer |
H–Highland |
Polar ice cap |
EF |
Perennial ice |
Highland |
H |
Highland with snow cover |
Group A : Tropical Humid Climate : Tropical humid climates exist between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
Group B : Dry Climate : These climates are found from 15° to 60° latitudes in both hemispheres.
Group C : Warm Temperate (Mid latitude) Climates : Warm temperate (Mid-latitude) climates extend from 30° to 50° latitudes mainly on the eastern and western margins of the continents. These climates have warm summers and mild winters.
Group D : Cold Snow-forest Climates : These climates are found in the Northern Hemisphere between 40°–70° north latitudes in Europe, Asia and North America.
Group E : Polar Climates : These climates exist poleward off 70° latitudes.
Group H : High Land Climate : These climates are governed by topography. There is a vertical zonation or layering of climatic types with elevation in mountainous regimes.