What are the activating causes precede mass movements ?

Solution

Several activating causes precede mass movements. They are :

1. removal of support from below to materials above through natural or artificial means
2. increase in gradient and height of slopes

3.overloadingthrough addition of materials naturally or by artificial filling

4.overloading due to heavy rainfall

5.removal of material or load from over the original slope surfaces

6.occurrence of earthquakes or explosions.

7. excessive natural seepage

8.heavy drawdown of water from lakes, reservoirs and rivers leading to slow outflow of water from under the slopes or river banks

9. indiscriminate and thoughtless removal of natural vegetation.

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