Describe the steps involved in the process of ‘Organising’.

In order to complete the organising function of management, following steps are taken:

(i) Identification and Division of Work: The first step of organising is the identification and division of work. At this step, the total work is divided into various activities. For example, the various activities of a Mobile Phone manufacturing company can be like this:

(a) purchase of raw material, (b) purchase of manufactured parts, (c) production, (d) stocking of goods, (e) research, (f) advertisement, (g) sales, (h) financial arrangement, (i) maintenance of accounts, (j) correspondence, (k) arrangement of employees, etc. All these activities are different. Every activity is placed under the supervision of a separate manager. In this way, a person performs the same job time and again. Consequently, the benefit of specialisation becomes available.

(ii) Departmentalisation: At this stage, the activities of the same nature are grouped together and assigned to a particular department, e.g., purchase of raw material, purchase of manufactured parts, etc. are given to the purchase department. And production, stocking the goods, research activities are given to the production department. Similarly, advertisement and sales can be given to the marketing department and the financial arrangements, maintenance of accounts and correspondence can be put in the charge of finance department.

(iii) Assignment of Duties: At this stage, the responsibility of each individual or post is decided, e.g., the purchase manager will be given the task of purchasing goods, the sales manager will be given the work of sale of goods, the advertising manager will be given the work of advertisement and in the same way the finance manager will be given the responsibility of making financial arrangements. While assigning these duties, it is important to match the nature of the work and the capabilities of the person to whom the work is given.

(iv) Establishing Reporting Relations: When two or more than two persons work for the attainment of common goals their inter-relationship must be defined very clearly. Everybody should know who is his superior and who is his subordinate? For example, the purchase manager will be the superior for all the employees of the purchase department; they will receive orders from him and will also be responsible to him.