Make a list of any three out breeding devices that flowering plants have developed and explain how they help to encourage cross-pollination.
The three out breeding devices that flowering plants have developed to encourage cross-pollination are:
i. In some species, pollen release and stigma receptivity are not synchronized that is either the pollen is released before the stigma becomes receptive or stigma becomes receptive much before the release of pollen.
ii. In some other species, the anther and stigma are placed at different positions so that the pollen cannot come in contact with the stigma of the same flower.
iii. Plants show self-incompatibility which is a genetic mechanism and prevents self-pollen from fertilising the ovules by inhibiting pollen germination or pollen tube growth in the pistil.
